The Linux kernel was originally written by Finnish Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki for personal hobbies.
Linux is a free-to-use and freely distributed Unix-like operating system. It is a multi-user, multi-tasking, multi-threaded and multi-CPU based operating system based on POSIX and UNIX.
Linux can run major UNIX tools, applications, and network protocols. It supports both 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits Unix's network-centric design philosophy and is a stable multi-user network operating system.
Linux distribution
The Linux distribution says that the simple point is to package the Linux kernel and application software.
The more well-known distributions on the market today are: Ubuntu, RedHat, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, SuSE, OpenSUSE, Arch Linux, SolusOS, and more.
Linux application area
Various Linux distributions are used today for everything from embedded devices to supercomputers, and they have established a place in the server space, usually using LAMP (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP) or LNMP (Linux + Nginx + MySQL +) PHP) combination.
Linux is currently used not only in homes and businesses, but also in the government.
- The Brazilian federal government is world-famous for supporting Linux.
- There are news reports on the Linux distribution made by the Russian army itself, and the GHost project has achieved results.
- India's Kerala Federation plans to promote the use of Linux to high-level federal high schools.
- In order to achieve technological independence, the People's Republic of China exclusively uses Linux in the Loongson process.
- It has developed its own Linux distribution in some parts of Spain and is widely used in government and education, such as gnuLinEx in Extremadura and Guadalinex in Andalusia.
- Portugal also uses its own Linux distribution, Caixa Mágica, for Magalh?es laptops and e-escola government software.
- France and Germany are also beginning to adopt Linux gradually.
Linux vs Windows
At present, domestic Linux is more used on servers, while desktop operating systems use Windows more. The main differences are as follows
| Comparison | Windows | Linux |
|---|---|---|
| interface | The interface is unified, the shell program is fixed, all Windows program menus are almost the same, and the shortcut keys are almost the same. | The graphical interface styles vary depending on the release version and may not be compatible with each other. GNU/Linux terminals are passed down from UNIX, and the basic commands and operating methods are almost identical. |
| driver | The drivers are rich and the versions are updated frequently. The default installer generally contains the hardware drivers that are popular at the time of this release. The new hardware drivers that follow will depend on the hardware vendor. For some old hardware, it is sometimes difficult to support without the original driver. In addition, sometimes hardware manufacturers do not provide the required version of the driver under Windows, it will be a headache. | Developed by volunteers, released by the Linux core development team, many hardware vendors do not provide drivers based on copyright considerations, although most do not require manual installation, but the installation is relatively complicated, making new users face driver problems (whether it exists and installed) Method) will be unable to do anything. But in the open source development model, many old hardware are easy to find drivers even though they are difficult to support under Windows. Hardware vendors such as HP, Intel, and AMD are gradually supporting open source drivers to varying degrees, and the problem is being alleviated. |
| use | It's easy to use and easy to get started. The graphical interface is very beneficial for users who do not have a computer background knowledge. | The graphical interface is easy to use and easy to get started. Text interface, you need to learn to master. |
| Learn | The system is complex in structure, frequent in change, and the knowledge and skills are eliminated quickly, and it is difficult to learn in depth. | The system structure is simple and stable, and the knowledge and skills are well transferred. It is relatively easy to study in depth. |
| software | Each specific feature may require support from commercial software and requires the purchase of a corresponding license. | Most of the software is freely available, and there are fewer software options for the same features. |
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