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Computer Machine composition

The computer is composed of a hardware system and a software system.

The hardware unit of the conventional computer system can be generally divided into an input unit, an output unit, an arithmetic logic unit, a control unit and a memory unit, wherein the arithmetic logic unit and the control unit are collectively referred to as a central processing unit (CPU).

Hardware system

Power Supply

The power supply is an indispensable power supply device in the computer. Its function is to convert 220V AC power into 5V, 12V, 3.3V DC power used in the computer. Its performance is directly affected by the stability of other equipment work, and then it will affect the stability of the whole machine. The laptop provides an effective power source for the laptop with its own lithium battery.

Motherboard

The motherboard is a platform for the various components of the computer to work together. It connects the various components of the computer together and the components are transmitted through the motherboard. 

In other words, the important "transport hub" in the computer is on the main board, and the stability of its work affects the stability of the whole machine.

CPU

The CPU is the central processing unit and is the computing core and control core of a computer. Its function is mainly to explain computer instructions and to process data in computer software. The CPU consists of an operator, controller, registers, cache, and a bus that implements the data, control, and state of the connection between them. As the core of the whole system, the CPU is also the highest execution unit of the whole system, so the CPU has become the core component to determine the performance of the computer. Many users use it as a standard to judge the grade of the computer.

RAM

Memory is also called internal memory or random access memory (RAM), which is divided into DDR memory and SDRAM memory (but SDRAM has low capacity, slow storage speed and poor stability, and has been eliminated by DDR). Memory is an electronic storage device. The circuit board and the chip are characterized by small size, high speed, electric storage, and no power clearing, that is, the computer can store data in the memory when the computer is turned on, and all the data therein will be automatically cleared after the shutdown. 

The memory has three major categories of DDR, DDR II and DDR III, and the capacity is 1-64GB.

Hard Disk

The hard disk belongs to the external memory. The mechanical hard disk is made of metal magnetic disk, and the magnetic disk has a memory function, so the data stored on the magnetic disk will not be lost whether it is turned on or off. The hard disk capacity is very large, it has reached terabytes, the size is 3.5, 2.5, 1.8, 1.0 inch, etc. The interface has IDE, SATA, SCSI, etc., SATA is the most common. 

A mobile hard disk is a storage product that emphasizes portability by using a hard disk as a storage medium. The vast majority of mobile hard drives on the market are based on standard hard drives, and only a small percentage is based on micro hard drives (1.8-inch hard drives, etc.), but the price factor determines whether the mainstream mobile hard drive is still a standard notebook hard drive. 

Because the hard disk is used as the storage medium, the data read and write mode of the mobile hard disk is the same as that of the standard IDE hard disk. Mobile hard disks use USB, IEEE1394 and other interfaces with fast transmission speed, which can transmit data with the system at a higher speed. A hard disk made of a solid state electronic memory chip array for a solid state hard disk is composed of a control unit and a memory unit (FLASH chip). Solid state drives are also identical in size and size to regular hard drives, but solid state drives are faster than mechanical hard drives.

Sound card

The sound card is an indispensable hardware device for composing a multimedia computer. Its function is that after the play command is issued, the sound card converts the sound digital signal in the computer into an analog signal and sends it to the speaker to make a sound.

Graphics card

The graphics card cooperates with the display to output graphics and text during operation. The function is to convert and display the display information required by the computer system, and provide a line scan signal to the display to control the correct display of the display, which is an important component for connecting the display and the motherboard of the personal computer.

 It is one of the important equipments for "human-machine dialogue."

Network card

The network card is a network component working at the data link layer. It is an interface connecting the computer and the transmission medium in the local area network. It can not only realize physical connection and electrical signal matching with the local area network transmission medium, but also involve frame transmission and reception, and frame. Encapsulation and unpacking, media access control, data encoding and decoding, and data caching. The role of the network card is to act as a bridge between the computer and the network cable. It is one of the important devices used to establish a local area network and connect to the Internet.

In the integrated motherboard, the sound card, graphics card, and network card are partially or completely integrated on the motherboard.

Modem

The English name is "Modem", commonly known as "cat", that is, modem, type

Available in built-in and external, wired and wireless. A modem is one of the essential devices when surfing the Internet via a telephone line. Its function is to convert the digital signal processed on the computer into an analog signal transmitted by the telephone line. With the popularity of ADSL broadband networks, built-in modems have gradually withdrawn from the market.

Optical Drive

The English name is "Optical Disk driver", a computer used to read and write the contents of optical discs. It is also a common part in desktop and notebook portable computers. With the increasing use of multimedia, optical drives have become standard in many computer accessories. The optical drive can be divided into a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive (DVD-ROM), a COMBO, and a DVD burner (DVD-RAM). The ability and speed of reading and writing is also increasing, 4 × 16 × 32 × 40 × 48 ×.

Monitor

The English name is "monitor". The display is large and small, thin and thick, and has various varieties. Its function is to display the results of computer processing. It is an output device and is one of the indispensable components of a computer. Divided into three categories of CRT, LCD, LED, the interface has VGA, DVI two categories.

Keyboard

The English name is "Keyboard", which is divided into wired and wireless. The keyboard is the main artificial input device, usually 104 or 105 keys, used to input text, numbers, etc. to the computer, and computer control.

Mouse

The English name is "Mouse". When people move the mouse, there will be an arrow pointer on the computer screen to move, and it can accurately point to the desired position and quickly locate on the screen. It is indispensable for people to use the computer. One of the parts. The keyboard and mouse interface is available in PS/2 and USB. The hardware mouse is divided into photoelectric and mechanical (the machine has been eliminated by photoelectric).

Speaker

The English name is "Loud speaker", which is connected to the power amplifier through the audio cable, and then the sound is amplified by the transistor and output to the speaker, so that the speaker emits the sound of the computer. General computer speakers can be divided into 2, 2.1, 3.1, 4, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, and the sound quality is also different.

Printer

The English name is "Printer", which allows you to print files from your computer to paper. It is one of the important output devices. In the field of printers, the mainstream products of needle printers, inkjet printers and laser printers have been formed, each of which has its advantages and meets the different needs of users from all walks of life.

Video Equipment

Such as cameras, scanners, digital cameras, digital video cameras, TV cards and other equipment for processing video signals.

Flash Drive

The English name is "Flash disk". The flash drive is also commonly known as USB flash drive, USB flash drive, flash drive, and is a universal serial bus USB interface. The micro-high-capacity mobile storage product without physical drive uses a storage medium for flash memory. Storage media (Flash Memory). Flash drives generally include a flash memory, a control chip, and a housing. The flash drive has the advantages of multiple erasing, high speed, anti-magnetic, shockproof and moisture proof. 

Flash disk uses popular USB interface, the size is only thumb size, weight is about 20 grams, no driver, no external power supply, plug and play, file exchange between different computers, storage capacity from 1 to 128GB, to meet different Demand.

Mobile memory card and card reader

The memory card is a memory that uses flash memory technology to store electronic information. It is generally used as a storage medium in small digital products such as digital cameras, PDAs, MP3, MP4, etc., so it looks like a card, and so it is called for flash cards. 

According to different manufacturers and different applications, flash cards include Smart Media (SM card), Compact Flash (CF card), Multi Media Card (MMC card), Secure Digital (SD card), Memory Stick (Memory Stick), TF Cards and other types, these flash cards have different appearances and specifications, but the technical principles are the same. Since the flash card itself cannot be directly recognized by the Computer, the card reader is a communication bridge between the two. Card Reader) can use a variety of memory cards, such as Compact Flash or Smart Media or Microdrive memory cards, as an information access device for memory cards. 

The card reader uses the USB1.1/USB2.0 transmission interface to support hot plugging. Just like a normal USB device, just plug it into the computer's USB port and plug in the memory card to use it. According to the speed, there are USB1.1, USB2.0 and USB3.0, which are divided according to the purpose, and have a single card reader and an all-in-one card reader.